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Claudette Colvin
Claudette Colvin (born September 5, 1939) is a pioneer of the African American Civil Rights Movement. On March 2, 1955, she was the first person arrested for resisting bus segregation in Montgomery, Alabama, preceding the more publicized Rosa Parks incident by nine months.
Colvin was among the five plaintiffs originally included in the federal court case, filed by civil rights attorney Fred Gray on February 1, 1956, as ''Browder v. Gayle'', and testified before the three-judge panel that heard the case in the United States District Court. On June 13, 1956, the judges determined that the state and local laws requiring bus segregation in Alabama were unconstitutional. The case went to the United States Supreme Court, which upheld the ruling on December 17, 1956. Colvin was the last witness to testify. Three days later the Supreme Court issued an order to Montgomery and the state of Alabama to end bus segregation, and the Montgomery Bus Boycott was called off.
For a long time, Montgomery's black leaders did not publicize Colvin's pioneering effort because she was a teenager who was pregnant and unmarried. Given the social norms of the time and her youth, the NAACP leaders worried about using her to represent their boycott.〔
==Early life==
Colvin was born September 5, 1939 and was adopted by C. P. Colvin and Mary Anne Colvin, and grew up in one of the poorer neighborhoods of Montgomery, Alabama.〔("Claudette Colvin" ), Montgomery Boycott〕 In 1943, at four years old, she had received her first impression on the struggles of segregation. She was at a retail store with her mother when a couple of white boys entered. They asked her to touch hands and compare them. Her mother saw this, slapped her face, and said that she was not allowed to touch them.
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